Using a simple format and plain language, the Banco de España Blog seeks to make our work more accessible to the general public. It allows us to share our analysis of economic and financial issues and the ins and outs of the Banco de España’s tasks and activities with all those keen to learn more.
The Blog series group together posts covering certain similar topics. Further down is a general listing of all Blog posts, with a search function to help readers find the posts they are interested in.
26/03/2025
Thousands of bank customers lodge complaints with the Banco de España. Although these often fall outside its remit, 80% of the opinions it is able to provide are accepted by banks. Knowing when (and when not) to bring complaints to the Banco de España's Complaints Service will help make this public service even more effective.
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13/09/2024
The boom in Spanish exports since 2008: what do we export and where to?
Between 2008 and 2023, Spanish exports grew as a share of GDP from 26% to 39%. This extraordinary growth was broad-based across products and destinations. However, the increasing fragmentation of international trade flows might threaten the future performance of Spanish exports.
03/09/2024
Inflation affects us all differently. What determines how each of us feels the squeeze?
We all feel the squeeze of inflation, but some feel the pinch more than others. Inflation affects us through different channels that impact our ability to save. Drawing on a rich dataset, we find that in 2021 both the level of labour income and, above all, age explain how inflation affects different Spanish households differently.
14/08/2024
The capital markets union: a necessary step to boost investment in Europe
Europe needs more productive investment to bolster its economic growth. This requires diversifying its funding sources beyond access to bank loans and, inevitably, further developing and integrating European capital markets.
29/07/2024
Measuring economic uncertainty. The role of artificial intelligence
Uncertainty is part and parcel of our lives. It affects our decisions and economic activity too. That’s why identifying and measuring economic uncertainty is key for economists. The Banco de España has developed various indicators of uncertainty, such as the EPU indexes, that help assess the risks and quantify their possible impact on activity.
04/07/2024
The value of an exhibition: “Photographic Archive. Banco de España. From Albumen to Pixel" Series: Treasures of the Banco de España
The Banco de España’s Historical Archive preserves the Bank’s institutional memory from 1782 to the present day. Part of the Archive’s photographic collection, which contains some 25,000 images, is now on display at our Madrid headquarters until 20 July 2024.
27/06/2024
The ECB’s monetary policy decisions are implemented under the operational framework, that steers market rates to bring them into line with the Eurosystem’s key interest rates. The ECB reviewed this framework in March 2024 to adapt it to the changing monetary policy environment.
20/06/2024
A combination of extreme weather events and environmental degradation in the Mar Menor has resulted in real estate losses of more than €4 billion in the area. This figure is ten times the amount earned over the last 20 years from converting the surrounding land into irrigated farmland (one of the main drivers of the environmental degradation).
10/06/2024
In his farewell as Governor, Pablo Hernández de Cos shares his vision about the Banco de España’s role during his term of office (2018-2024). These years have been marked by a succession of unprecedented events, such as the pandemic and economic and inflationary swings.
04/06/2024
The countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) mitigates the risk posed by the macro-financial cycle to the banking system as a whole. The CCyB gradually raises banks’ solvency requirements when this risk is intermediate or high and lowers them when such systemic risks materialise. In so doing, it enhances banks’ loss-absorbing capacity and enables a stable supply of financing to the economy.
30/05/2024
The Banco de España’s branch offices. 150 years open to the public Series: Treasures of the Banco de España
The Banco de España branch network dates back to 1874, 150 years ago. Back then the branch offices were instrumental in garnering widespread acceptance of banknotes as a means of payment. Their role is different today, but they remain essential for distributing banknotes and coins to the general public.
