Other Banco de España studies and publications

The Banco de España studies, reports and research cover a wide range of topics. The most relevant studies on cash are available below.

2023

Uso, acceso y aceptación del efectivo en España: un análisis a partir del «Estudio sobre hábitos en el uso del efectivo» de 2023

El «Estudio sobre hábitos en el uso del efectivo» recoge información de interés en el ámbito de los medios de pago y permite analizar la relevancia del efectivo como medio de pago, así como las perspectivas sobre su uso en el futuro.

LA ACCESIBILIDAD PRESENCIAL A LOS SERVICIOS BANCARIOS EN ESPAÑA: INFORME DE SEGUIMIENTO 2023

This paper presents an analysis of recent developments in the accessibility of banking services in Spain, from the perspective of both supply (the in-person access points available) and demand (customer use and assessment).

Banco de España Institutional Report 2022

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

The use of cash and other means of payment: how is the way we pay changing?

This study focusses on compiling data on the most important cash-related developments, such as cash use and access in municipalities without a stable bank branch, the use of cash alternatives (e.g. Bizum), knowledge of new ways of withdrawing cash (cash back) and the digital euro project, etc.

2022

Banco de España Institutional Report 2021

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

2021

Cash infrastructure and cash access vulnerability in Spain

Analytical Articles. Economic Bulletin 3/2021. Diana Posada Restrepo

This article analyses how the distribution of the cash infrastructure affects cash users in Spain. To assess the coverage of the cash infrastructure and, therefore, the level of access to cash throughout Spain, the article examines its geographical distribution and concentration. It also analyses whether the distribution adequately satisfies the demand for cash, according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the different regions of Spain.

Banco de España Institutional Report 2020

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

National survey on cash use 2020

The Banco de España conducts a national survey on cash use to ascertain user preferences and different agents’ and citizens’ perception of cash in Spain. The fieldwork is based on surveys of the general public, the hospitality sector, small retailers, large retail outlets and supermarkets in Spain.

2020

Juan Sebastián Elcano: 500 años de la primera vuelta al mundo en los billetes del Banco de España

Documentos Ocasionales, No 2030. Ángel Gómez-Carreño García-Moreno

2021 marks the 500th anniversary of the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. To commemorate this historic event, the Banco de España is conducting an informative study aimed at disseminating the strong link between technology and banknote production, focusing on two very specific historical banknotes dedicated to the Getaria-born captain: the 500-peseta banknote of the 25 April 1931 series and the five-peseta banknote of the 5 March 1948 series. The composition of both banknotes, their security features and the printing technologies used are studied in detail.

Neurometrics applied to banknote and security features design

Documentos Ocasionales, No 2008. Rubén Ortuño, José M. Sánchez, Diego Álvarez, Miguel López and Fernando León

The aim of this paper is to present a methodology on the application of neuroanalysis to the design of banknotes and security features. The proposed neuroanalysis methodology offers a criterion for making decisions about which banknote designs and security features have a more suitable configuration for the public. It is based on the monitoring of conscious processes, using traditional explicit measures, and unconscious processes, using neurometric techniques.

Results of detection tests carried out by the Banco de España

Newsletter of the International Banknote Designer Association. December 2020, Juan Pablo Garnacho

The Cash and Issue Department has been training cash handling professionals and the general public to verify the authenticity of banknotes since 2002. This study analyses the participants’ results in the detection tests before and after receiving the training.

Banco de España Institutional Report 2019

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

National survey on cash use 2019

The Banco de España conducts a national survey on cash use to ascertain user preferences and different agents’ and citizens’ perception of cash in Spain. The fieldwork is based on surveys of the general public, the hospitality sector, small retailers, large retail outlets and supermarkets in Spain.

2019

Banco de España Institutional Report 2018

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

National survey on cash use 2018

The Banco de España conducts a national survey on cash use to ascertain user preferences and different agents’ and citizens’ perception of cash in Spain. The fieldwork is based on surveys of the general public, the hospitality sector, small retailers, large retail outlets and supermarkets in Spain.

2018

Banco de España Institutional Report 2017

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

2017

Bank branch closure and cash access in Spain

Financial Stability Review, Concha Jiménez Gonzalo and Helena Tejero Sala

This article describes the importance of cash and the impact that the reduction in branches has on cash access, and looks at the compensatory measures taken by financial institutions to mitigate its effect on the Spanish population.

Banco de España Institutional Report 2016

The Institutional Report is an annual publication which provides an overview of the institution and of the main activities conducted over the course of the year. It aims to ensure transparency in the Bank’s activities and accountability to society. The section on euro banknotes and coins can be found here.

Multimedia contacto 920x 518 - generica

Contact Cash department