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Occasional Papers

Portada documentos ocasionales

The Occasional Papers series seeks to disseminate the work carried out by the Banco de España within its sphere of competence that is considered to be of general interest for knowledge of the functioning of the Spanish economy and of its international environment.

The opinions and analyses published in the Occasional Papers are the responsibility of the authors and are not necessarily shared by the Banco de España or the Eurosystem.

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317 results found with the selected filters

01/07/2026

2613. Retriever or reasoner? Decomposing retrieval-augmented generation performance in external audit supervision

Andrés Alonso-Robisco, José Manuel Carbó, Carlos José García, Jorge Quintana and Javier Tarancón

30/06/2026

2612. Evolución de la estructura de mercado y de los indicadores de competencia en España en las dos últimas décadas

Micaela Arias, Lucía Criado, Javier García-Verdugo, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Almudena Kessler, José Manuel Montero, Sara Pereira and Pau Roldán-Blanco

26/03/2026

2608. Europa en transición energética: respuestas y desafíos tras dos crisis consecutivas

Mónica Correa-López, Mar Delgado-Téllez and Marta Suárez-Valera

24/03/2026

2607. Issuance yield of MREL-eligible bank debt: a benchmarking model

Francisco González Rodríguez , Alberto Orts Torres , Jose María Serena Garralda and Miquel Tarí Sánchez

19/02/2026

2605. Regional outlook on labor productivity in Spain, 2000–2022

Miquel Quetglas , José A. Pérez-Montiel , Carles Manera , Ferran Navinés and Javier Franconetti

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