Payment systems

Payment systems and securities settlement systems are at the heart of the economic and financial activity in any country. Broadly speaking, they form the infrastructure that allows assets to flow through an economy. As a result, the smooth functioning of payment and settlement systems is vital to financial stability.

Promoting the smooth functioning of payment systems is one of the Banco de España's functions. The Bank is responsible for their oversight. It identifies and assesses inherent risks, and verifies that all systems are equipped with proper control mechanisms. The Bank is also the competent authority for supervising compliance with the legislation applicable to payment systems.

This section provides information on the systems that are based in Spain that clear and settle payments and securities. It also details information about the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). Furthermore, it contains information on market infrastructure oversight, including those aspects related to cyber resilience. Lastly, there is a subsection on the digital euro, detailing the project and providing other documentation of interest.

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Payment systems in Spain

The Spanish interbank payment system is structured around the following systems: TARGET-Banco de España, for processing large-value payments; the SNCE, for retail payments; the STMP system, for clearing most domestic card transactions; and the recently created FXS, for the payment-versus-payment settlement of foreign exchange transactions.

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Securities clearing and settlement systems in Spain

Central banks pay close attention to the smooth functioning of the securities financial market infrastructures. These infrastructures are key to the financial markets due to the systemic risk they pose, since an issue within these infrastructures can affect the payment systems where the transactions are settled, the smooth transmission of monetary policy and the overall financial system.

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Market infrastructure oversight

Most commercial and financial transactions are cleared, settled and registered through financial market infrastructures. For this reason, central banks are entrusted with their supervision and/or oversight.

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Digital euro

The Eurosystem, of which the Banco de España is a member, is looking into the possible issuance of a central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital euro. It would be the digital version of our currency and it would complement banknotes and coins, giving people an additional choice about how to pay. Cash would still be a payment option; it would not be replaced. The project is under preparation, there is not yet a decision on its potential issuance.

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The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)

To enable the introduction of the euro as the common currency to be complete, it was necessary for individuals and companies to be able also to make their payments throughout the euro area without having to use cash. That meant searching for a formula to make it possible to issue and receive payments from a single account in any place in the area with a single set of payment instruments so that all transactions (domestic and cross-border) offer the same conditions of ease, efficiency and security. To that end, the project to create a Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) was devised.