The challenges facing the Spanish economy are analyzed in depth in the Banco de España publications, particularly the Annual Report. This series summarizes, for each challenge, the diagnosis and the economic policies to face them.
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29/04/2025
La inversión productiva como motor del crecimiento: el reto de impulsar la inversión empresarial Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
La inversión productiva privada sufrió una importante caída en España con la pandemia. Y, a diferencia del PIB y de otras variables macroeconómicas, aún no ha recuperado su nivel previo. El incremento de la inversión es una palanca fundamental para aumentar la productividad y el crecimiento potencial de la economía española.
29/01/2025
Human capital matters: the challenges and opportunities in Spanish education Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
Despite the progress made in recent decades, Spain still trails the most advanced countries in terms of educational attainment. Action is required at all levels to improve Spain’s human capital. Prominent measures include reducing early school leaving, modernising universities and vocational training and raising financial literacy.
08/10/2024
Artificial intelligence and employment: maximising the benefits and minimising the negatives Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
New robotics and artificial intelligence technologies could transform the labour market. Their deployment will shape the future of the workforce, both in terms of the number of jobs and who will fill them. Employment policies must manage these changes proactively to maximise the potential benefits and minimise the negative effects.
30/04/2024
The main challenges facing the Spanish economy and how to tackle them Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
The Spanish economy continued to grow markedly in 2023 and the outlook is favourable, albeit in a context of global uncertainty. Nevertheless, we continue to face structural challenges with far-reaching effects that make it difficult to reach euro area living standards. The Banco de España’s Annual Report discusses these issues and economic policies to address them.