The challenges facing the Spanish economy are analyzed in depth in the Banco de España publications, particularly the Annual Report. This series summarizes, for each challenge, the diagnosis and the economic policies to face them.
7 results found with the selected filters
28/10/2026
AI adoption in Spanish firms: the impact so far and their expectations for the future Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
Spanish firms, like their European counterparts, are adopting AI rapidly, although SMEs are lagging further behind. Firms using AI have so far perceived little impact on employment, but more than one-quarter report improvements in productivity and investment. While firms – above all large corporations – expect these improvements to increase, the outlook for employment is more mixed.
11/11/2025
Size does matter. The challenge of company growth in Spain Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
Spain faces a structural challenge: the small size of its firms. This limitation curtails productivity, innovation and employment. Why do our firms grow less than European ones? Understanding this is key to building a more dynamic and productive economy.
19/09/2025
Spain’s regulatory complexity: a drag on business and economic growth Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
The quality of the regulatory framework influences economic growth. Spain’s dense and fragmented regulation drives up costs and hinders entrepreneurship. Greater regulatory consistency and simplicity could foster a more dynamic, efficient and inclusive business landscape, particularly for small firms and new entrepreneurs.
29/04/2025
Productive investment as a driver of growth: the challenge of boosting business investment Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
Private productive investment declined significantly in Spain in the wake of the pandemic and, unlike GDP and other macroeconomic variables, is yet to recover pre-pandemic levels. Boosting investment is key for increasing productivity and the potential growth of the Spanish economy.
29/01/2025
Human capital matters: the challenges and opportunities in Spanish education Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
Despite the progress made in recent decades, Spain still trails the most advanced countries in terms of educational attainment. Action is required at all levels to improve Spain’s human capital. Prominent measures include reducing early school leaving, modernising universities and vocational training and raising financial literacy.
08/10/2024
Artificial intelligence and employment: maximising the benefits and minimising the negatives Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
New robotics and artificial intelligence technologies could transform the labour market. Their deployment will shape the future of the workforce, both in terms of the number of jobs and who will fill them. Employment policies must manage these changes proactively to maximise the potential benefits and minimise the negative effects.
30/04/2024
The main challenges facing the Spanish economy and how to tackle them Series: Challenges for the Spanish economy
The Spanish economy continued to grow markedly in 2023 and the outlook is favourable, albeit in a context of global uncertainty. Nevertheless, we continue to face structural challenges with far-reaching effects that make it difficult to reach euro area living standards. The Banco de España’s Annual Report discusses these issues and economic policies to address them.