Series: Financial Inclusion Report.
Author: Banco de España
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Abstract
The Financial Inclusion Report 2025 focuses on two main issues: access to in-person banking services and cash and the financial inclusion of immigrants:
- Despite the reduction in the number of access points, in particular in branches and ATMs, access increased between 2021 and 2024 in terms of municipalities and population thanks to the roll-out of mobile branches, which has accelerated over the last year. Customer satisfaction with banking services has improved.
- The financial behaviour of the immigrant population in Spain is not substantially different from that of the native population, which suggests that there is no general financial inclusion gap between these two groups.
- However, irregular immigrants face barriers accessing banking services: the number of basic payment accounts at the beginning of 2025 amounted to less than one for every eight irregular immigrants.