On June 15, 2009, a conference on "Reforming Financial Regulation and Supervision: Back to Basics," jointly organized by Banco de España and the Office of the Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean, was held in Madrid. The conference brought together top researchers and high-level policy makers from around the world that are leading the discussion on the reform of financial regulation and supervision. This reform has become necessary following the unprecedented depth, breadth, and complexity of financial crisis unleashed by the sub-prime debacle in the U.S. In addition to revisiting regulatory and supervisory reform issues from a "back to basics" perspective, the conference aimed at bringing Latin American regulators and central bankers to the frontier of the technical and policy debate on these reforms. The conference participants included high-level financial sector authorities from virtually every country in the LAC region.