Banco de España Blog

Using a simple format and plain language, the Banco de España Blog seeks to make our work more accessible to the general public. It allows us to share our analysis of economic and financial issues and the ins and outs of the Banco de España’s tasks and activities with all those keen to learn more.

The Blog series group together posts covering certain similar topics. Further down is a general listing of all Blog posts, with a search function to help readers find the posts they are interested in.

 

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How can we measure political polarization in Europe?

Series: Focus. Research Videoblog

08/01/2026 Marina Diakonova

Political polarization can harm a country’s economy. But can we measure the level of polarization in each country? Is it related to legislative gridlock? We answer these questions by analysing the cases of Spain, Germany, France and Italy in the paper “Political polarization in Europe” by Marina Diakonova, Corinna Ghirelli and Javier J. Pérez.

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Euro Digital

20/11/2025

Advancing towards the future of our money: the digital euro

Juan Ayuso

Why all the talk about the digital euro? Since 2021 the Eurosystem has been working on a digital version of the euro, so the public can enjoy the benefits of cash in their digital payments. The Governing Council of the ECB has decided to move to the next phase of the project. You may be wondering what the digital euro means for you.

Digital euro and CBDC

19/10/2023

The digital euro: what is it and what’s in it for us

Juan Ayuso

The growing use of electronic means of payment, such as cards and mobile payments, has led the Eurosystem to consider issuing a digital euro to complement cash. Here we explain what a digital euro would be and its advantages if eventually adopted.

Digital euro and CBDC