Banco de España Blog

Using a simple format and plain language, the Banco de España Blog seeks to make our work more accessible to the general public. It allows us to share our analysis of economic and financial issues and the ins and outs of the Banco de España’s tasks and activities with all those keen to learn more.

The Blog series group together posts covering certain similar topics. Further down is a general listing of all Blog posts, with a search function to help readers find the posts they are interested in.

 

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How can we measure political polarization in Europe?

Series: Focus. Research Videoblog

08/01/2026 Marina Diakonova

Political polarization can harm a country’s economy. But can we measure the level of polarization in each country? Is it related to legislative gridlock? We answer these questions by analysing the cases of Spain, Germany, France and Italy in the paper “Political polarization in Europe” by Marina Diakonova, Corinna Ghirelli and Javier J. Pérez.

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07/03/2025

8 March – Women and promotions: up the stairs or in the lift? Series: Women in Economy

Margarita Machelett , Lucía Arranz , Irene Cancelas

Inside the Banco de España, there is a lavatory with a label that designates it for use by “unmarried women”, a relic from a time when there were, when a woman got married, she would leave the workforce to dedicate herself to her new role as a housewife.
Since then, society and institutions have changed in countless ways. On International Women’s Day 2025, we would like to reflect on women’s career advancement and ask: are they taking the lift or do they still have to use the stairs?

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07/03/2025

What’s left of the glass ceiling? Women’s career advancement at the Banco de España

Soledad Núñez , Juan Manuel Delgado , Laura Hospido

Women now account for just over half of the Banco de España’s employees. We’ve also made considerable headway in management positions in recent years, all because of an ambitious agenda that promotes equal opportunities. Even so, we have not yet fully closed the gender gap.

07/03/2024

Why do gender gaps still exist at work? The latest Economics Nobel laureate has the answer

Laura Hospido , Manuel Rojo

The gender gap in the labour market closed considerably during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, this process of convergence, both in labour market participation and wages, has slowed in the last two decades. Claudia Goldin’s research is key to understanding why.