
Madrid, 1945.
| 1967 | Graduate in economics from the University of Madrid. |
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| 1969 | Government economist and trade expert. |
| 1969-1971 | Head of the Directorate General for Foreign Trade in the Ministry of Trade. |
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| 1971-1973 | Head of the Balance of Payments Office at the Ministry of Trade. |
| 1974-1978 | Head of the Spanish Trade Office in Moscow. |
| 1978-1982 | Technical Secretary General of the Ministry of Economy and Trade. |
| 1983-1987 | Deputy Director General of the Foreign Department of the Banco de España. |
| 1987-2000 | Director General of International Affairs of the Banco de España. |
| 1987-1993 | Banco de España Representative on the Committee of Alternates of the Governors of the European Community Member Country Central Banks. |
| 1989-1992 | Director of the ICO (Official Credit Institute). |
| 1994-1998 | Banco de España Representative on the Committee of Alternates of the European Monetary Institute. |
| 1998-2000 | Banco de España Representative on the Committee of International Affairs at the European Central Bank. |
| 1998-2012 | Economics coordinator for the magazine Revista de Libros of the Fundación Caja Madrid. |
| 2001-2004 | Director of the Country Risk Department of the Banco de España. |
| 2005-2008 | Executive Director for Spain's group at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, where he chaired the Policies and Evaluation Committee for two years. |
| 2007 to date | Founding member and sponsor of Fundación Transición Española (the Spanish Transition Foundation). |
| 2009-2011 | Adviser to the Associate Directorate General International Affairs of the Banco de España. |
| 2012 | Council Member of the Banco de España. |
| 2012 to date | Governor of the Banco de España. |